だの Meaning： and (~and); or (~or); and things like that Examples： 庭にはすみれだのチューリップだのつつじだの、花がたくさん咲いていた。 In the garden, many flowers such as pansies, tulips, azaleas and others, were in bloom. 学生たちは食堂のご飯がまずいだの、授業がつまらないだのと、いつも不平を言っている。 The students are always complaining that the food at the cafeteria isn't good, or their classes are boring and so on. 僕はそばだの、うどんだの、ラーメンだのといった麺類が大好きだ。 I like noodles such as soba, udon and ramen. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flas

なんて　「２」 Meaning： That; things like Examples： 小学校からのいじめが中学まで続くなんてひどい。 It's terrible that bullying continues after grade school into junior high. 最近は電子メールばかり使っていて、手紙なんて滅多に書かない。 Lately I've been using only email, and seldom write ( a thing like) a letter. 生演奏で踊れるなんて、うらやましい。 I'm envious that they can dance to live music ( lit., a live performance). I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app versio

ひとつ Meaning： give s.t a try Examples： 一つ日本の小説の英訳をやってみよう。 I will try to translate a Japanese novel into English. ひとつゴルフでもやったらどうですか。 How about giving golf a try? ひとつ相談にのってください。 Please give me your advice. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app version for brainscape) With this you can even study on your phone! Feel free to use this flash card deck I update regularly. https://www.brainscape.c

ひいては Meaning： Eventually (lead to) ~; even Examples： イラクへの攻撃はアメリカの孤立を招き、ひいてはイスラム社会全体との戦争に発展していく恐れがある。 There is fear that an attack against Iraq will bring about American isolation, and eventually will lead to a war with Muslim society as a whole. 彼は同僚にライバル意識,ひいては殺意すら抱いていた。 He regarded his colleague as a rival, even to the point of considering murder. 東京の産業構造を適切に転換していくことが、東京の産業を活性化させ、ひいては日本の経済力の強化につながっていく。 Addressing the appropriate restructuring of Tokyo's industrial structur

に応じて／におうじて Meaning： In response to; according to; depending on; appropriate for; suitable for; suited to; meet Examples： 組合の要求に応じて標準就業時間が短縮されることになった。 In response to union demands, the standard work day (lit., standard work hours) will be shortened. 業績に応じ従業員全員にボーナスが支給された。 Bonuses were distributed to all employees according to their performance (lit., achievements). 天候や道路状況に応じた適切な運転を心がけましょう。 Please make sure your driving is appropriate for the weather and road conditions. I put

ことか Meaning： How ~ !; what a(n) ~! Examples： カルフォルニア何と太陽が明るいことか。 How bright the sun is in California! 私は今までに何度オーストラリアを訪ねたことか。 How many times I have visited Australia before now! アメリカの大学に比べると日本の大学は何と貧弱に見えることか。 When compared with American universities, how unimpressive Japanese universities look! I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app version for brainscape) With this you can even study on y

にかけては Meaning： When it comes to~; as for; in point of ; in terms of; about; regarding Examples： ジャッキーチェンは、アクションにかけては右に出る者がいない俳優である。 Jackie Chan is an actor with whom none can compete when it comes to action films. 山崎氏はこの分野の政策立案にかけては政界随一の見識と経験を持っている。 For policy making in this field, Mr. Yamazaki has the best insight and experience in the political world. 写真というものは絵画に比べて、その客観的再現力にかけては圧倒的にまさっている。 Photography overwhelmingly surpasses painting in terms of objective reproduction. I

加えて／くわえて Meaning： In addition; and additionally; what's more Examples： この冬アメリカ東部は雪,雨,加えて強風の被害が大きかった。 This winter the East Coast of the U.S. suffered terribly from snow, rain and in addition, strong winds. この辺りは物価が安い。（それに）加えて自然環境も素晴らしい。 Things are inexpensive in this neighborhood. what's more, the natural environment is amazing. この作家の小説は想像力の豊かさ、鮮明な文体,加えて、極めて音楽的なリズム感がある。 The novels of this author are richly imaginative, have a clear-cut style, and in addition have a highly musi

とは Meaning： (not think/expect/etc.) that; (be surprised/be glad/ regret/ etc.) that Examples； 彼が自分のベンチャー会社を立ち上げるとは思いもしなかった。 I never thought that he would launch his own venture business. あんないい店がなくなったとは残念だ。 It is too bad that such a nice shop is gone. 子供が生まれた途端にがんの宣告を受けるとは何という悲劇だ。 What a tragedy it is for her to be told that she had cancer right after she'd had her baby. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest

同士／どうし Meaning： Each other; between/among (things/people of the same kind, group, etc.); together; with Examples： 磁石のN極（またはS極）同士は反発する。 North poles (or south poles) of magnets repel each other. 高校時代の友達同士で海外旅行に行くことになった。 We've decided that we high school friends will travel abroad together. 決勝戦はアルゼンチン選手同士の対決になった。 The final turned out to be a battle between (two) Argentinian players. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (

なんとか Meaning： Somehow; in some way; in one way or another; manage to 我々は今の日本の政府状況を何とか変えようと努力しています。 We are making an effort to change the current Japanese political situation somehow. 一見無理なことも、やってみれば何とか形になる。 Something which appears to be impossible to do can take shape in one way or another, if you try. この夏は友達と一緒に何とか富士山に登ってきました。 This past summer I managed to climb Mt Fuji with my friend. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you fo

恐れがある／おそれがある Meaning： It is feared (that); we are worried/concerned (that); there is a fear/risk/chance/concern/etc.; can; could; may; it is possible (that); be in danger of Examples： 台風の影響で西日本は大雨の恐れがある。 Due to the typhoon (lit., the typhoon's influence), there is a chance of heavy rain across Western Japan. この戦争は第二のベトナム戦争になる恐れがある。 This war could become a second Vietnam War. (lit., There is a risk that this war will become a second Vietnam War.) テロリストたちが入国した恐れがある。 There is co

何らかの／なんらかの Meaning： Some; some kind of Examples： 何らかの原因で走行中の電車が急停車した。 Due to some (unknown) cause the train stopped suddenly. 私たちが患う病気は、たいてい、何らかの意味でゲノム関係があります。 Most of the illnesses that we get are linked in some way with genomes. 世界の総人口のおよそ半数の人々が、何らかの形で米を食べている。 Approximately half the total population of the world eats rice in some form. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app version for b

ないし（は） Meaning： From ~ to ~; between ~ and ~; or Examples： このクラスの学生ほとんどは2年ないし（は）4年の日本語学習歴を持っている。 Most students in this class have three to four years of experience studying Japanese. この論文集の論文はすべて日本語（か）ないしは英語で書かれている。 The papers in this collection are written in Japanese or English. 生産量を２０％減らす（か）、ないしは新しい市場を急遽開拓するしかない。 We have no choice but to either reduce production by 20 percent or quickly develop a new market. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to

て仕方がない／てしかたがない Meaning： Cannot help ~ing; cannot stop feeling; (so ~ and) cannot control ~; so ~ and ~ cannot bare it; so; unbearably Examples： 会社の理不尽なリストラに腹が立って仕方がない。 I'm so mad at the company's unreasonable restructuring (i.e.,laying off workers) (and cannot control my anger). 久しぶりに妻や子供たちに会えるので嬉しくて仕方がない。 Because I get to see my wife and children for the first time in a long while, I am so happy (and can hardly control my emotion). ここでは何もすることがないので退屈で仕方がない。 Because I have no

ごとし Meaning： Like; look like Examples： 人生は旅のごとし。 Life is like a journey. その無謀な行為は火中に飛び込む｛が／かの｝ごとし。 Acting recklessly like that is like jumping into the fire. 彼女はモナリザのごとくいつも微笑んでいる。 She is like Mona Lisa, always smiling. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app version for brainscape) With this you can even study on your phone! Feel free to use this flash card deck I update regularly. https://

につけ Meaning： As; every time; whenever Examples： ナポリで撮った両親の写真を見るにつけ、あの時の楽しかった旅行を思い出す。 When I see the photo of my parents I took in Naples, I remember what a great time we had on that trip. 新録の香りを嗅ぐにつけ、｛ああ、春なんだなあ｝と思わずのほほんとしてまいます。 As I smell the scent of fresh green foliage, I tell myself it's finally spring and feel really relaxed, almost without realizing it. そのピアニストの深みのある音楽を聴き、温かい人柄に触れるにつけ、「音楽な人なり」の思いを強くしております。 As I listen to the pianist's deeply-felt music and sense his warm

によると Meaning： according to; based on Examples： その温泉は旅行雑誌によると神経痛にいいそうだ。 One of the travel magazines said that hot springs are good for arthritis. 日本の法律によるとおおむね１２歳未満の者は逮捕の対象にならない。 According to Japanese law, generally, youths under 12 are not subject to arrest. 聞いたところによると来年は授業料が上がるらしい。 Based on what I heard, (it appears that) tuition will go up next year. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the ap

とでも言うべき／とでもいうべき Meaning： Which could/may be called; which can/could be described as Examples： あれは運命とでも言うべき出来事だった。 That was an incident that could be called fate. これはエッセイ的なサイトとでも言うべきでしょう。 This should probably be described as an essay-like website. 近いうちに試用版とでも言うべきものを送りします。 I'll send you something before long that could be called a trial version. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app version

からして Meaning： Even; judging from Examples： 社長からして会社再建の意欲がないんだから、社員の志気が上がらないのは当たり前だ。 Even the president has no desire to reconstruct the company; so, of course, his employee's morale is low. あの日本語の話し方からして彼は日本に行ったことがあるに違いない。 Judging from the way he speaks Japanese, he must have been to Japan. あの男は歩き方からして他の人と違う。 Even in the way he walks, he is different from other people I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest d