だけ Meaning： As much as; as ~ as possible; as much as one wants Examples： 若いうちに本を読めるだけ読んでおいた方がいい。 You'd better read as many books as you can while you are young. 食べるだけ食べると、礼も言わずに帰ってしまった。 After he had eaten as much as he wanted, he went home without even thanking me. 食べたいだけ食べるのが僕の主義です。 My principle is to eat as much as I want to. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app version for brainscape)

なお Meaning： Still; even more; all the more for ~; additional; and; additionally; furthermore Examples： 宮崎駿のアニメは、20年,30年たっても、なお古典アニメとして残っているだろう。 Anime by Hayao Miyazaki will still remain even in 20 or 30 years as anime classics. この小説はパリを知っている人が読めばなお面白いだろう。 This novel must be all the more interesting if you know Paris. 日本へ行く前から日本が好きだったが、日本へ行ったらなお好きになった。 I liked Japan before I went there, but after going there I became even more fond of it. I put all the examples along with the

かと思うと／かとおもうと Meaning： As soon as (one notices that) ~; soon after; when one thinks/feels that~ Examples： 最近は肌寒くなったかと思うと、翌日には暖かくなったりする。 These days, just when you think it's gotten chilly, the next day it turns warm again. 私の書いた小説が出版されるかと思うと、とても嬉しい。 When I think that the novel I wrote will be published, I feel very happy. ハワイでは、雨が降ってきたかと思うと、すぐやんでしまう。 In Hawaii, as soon as it begins to rain, it stops right away. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to st

とわいわず～／とわ言わず～ Meaning： A, B and many other ~; A, B and every~ else; including; whether X or Y Examples； 友達の引っ越しを手伝ったら、翌日肩と言わず腰と言わず体のあちこちが傷んだ。 I helped my friend move. Then, the next day my shoulders, my back and every other part of my body ached. 武史の部屋は、壁と言わず天井と言わず、いたるところにサッカーの写真が粘ってあった。 In Takeshi's room, pictures of soccer were posted on the walls, the ceiling and everywhere else. しばらくすると、発疹が首と言わず手足と言わず、全身に広がった。 Some time later, a rash spread over my neck, hands, feet and a

てはいられない Meaning： cannot/shouldn't be ~ing; cannot/shouldn't (stay/remain/etc); cannot/shouldn't waste time~ ing; cannot afford to; cannot help ~ing Examples； 将来のことを考えると、いつまでもこんな仕事をしてはいられない。 When I think about the future, (I realize) I can't keep doing this kind of work forever. 彼女があまりにも自分勝手だったので、一言言わないではいられなかった。 Because she was acting so selfishly, I couldn't resist saying something to her. 彼が好きだと気づいた時から、もうただの友達ではいられなくなった。 Once I realized that I loved him, I couldn't be just

Meaning： extremely; utterly; very; so; cannot be more; extreme; utmost Examples； 生まれたばかりの赤ん坊を車に残して買い物に行くとは非常識この上ない。 It is utterly senseless to leave a newborn baby in the car and go shopping. この部屋はクーラーも扇風機もなく、風も全然通らないので、暑いことこの上ない。 There is neither an air conditioner nor a fan in this room, and no breeze, either, so it's extremely hot in here. 大任を無事に果たしてこの上ない事実感の浸っている。 I'm enjoying the feeling of utmost fulfillment, having completed and important mission successfully. I put al

ことに Meaning： it is ~ that; I am ~ that ; we are ~ that; to my/our ~ ; ~ ly Examples： 嬉しいことに、今学期は祭日が3日もある。 I'm glad that there are (as many as) three holidays this term. 残念なことに、この本は絶版で、普通の本屋では手に入らない。 To my regret, this book is out of print and cannot be purchased at ordinary bookstores. 驚いたことに、村田さんはあなたに気に入っていた会社を半年で辞めてしまった。 I was surprised that Mr. Murata quit his job after six months- he seemed so excited about his work. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flas

きらいがある Meaning： Have a tendency to; tend to; have a dash of ~; smack of ~; be slightly ~ Examples： 彼は物事を簡単に考えるきらいがある。 He has a tendency to think (about things) in simplistic terms. 彼は独断のきらいがある。 He is slightly dogmatic (lit., has a touch of dogmatism). 我々はとかく自分に都合がいい意見だけに耳を傾けるきらいがある。 We tend to listen only to views that are convenient for us. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app version

を中心に／をちゅうしんに Meaning： centering around; around; focusing in; mainly; primarily; with ~ as the leader; as the primary ~ ; take the lead Examples： 東京を中心に大雨が降った。 There was heavy rain, mostly in and around Tokyo. 東南アジアを中心に鳥インフルエンザが急速に広がっている。 Bird flu is spreading rapidly, primarily in Southeast Asia. この研究は中島教授を中心に進められている。 This research is progressing, with Prof. Nakajima taking the lead. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forge

なしに Meaning： without Examples： 料金は予告（すること）なしに変更する場合がございます。 The free may (lit., will sometimes) change without prior notice. 友達が何の連絡もなしにいきなり訪ねてきた。 My friend suddenly dropped by without contacting me first. 日本語の授業は手続き（すること）なしには聴講できません。 You cannot audit a Japanese class without going through the formal (registration) process. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app version for brainscape) With

をものともせず Meaning： in spite of ~; undaunted by ~; in defiance of ~; in face of ~ Examples： 彼女は重度の身体障害をものともせず、自分の人生をつかみとった。 Despite severe physical handicaps, she took charge of her own life. 彼は日本語が喋れないのをものともせず、身振り手振りで日本を旅行して歩いた。 Undaunted by his inability to speak Japanese, he traveled around Japan communicating with gestures and signs. 友人は高波をものともせず４キロを泳ぎ切った。 Overcoming high waves, my friend swam (all of) four kilometers. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flash

たなり（で） Meaning： Without; while ~ staying; while ~ keep ~ ing Examples： 彼は椅子に腰かけたなり（で）、ずっと黙っていた。 He sat in the chair and stayed there, silent the whole time. 片足を上げたなりの格好で、数秒間日をつぶるように言われた。 I was told to close my eyes for a few seconds while I kept lifting one foot off the ground. 彼は私の部屋の入り口に突っ立てなりでニヤニヤ笑っていた。 My sweetheart stood at the entrance to my room, grinning. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloa

並びに／ならびに Meaning： and; both ~ and ~ ; as well as Examples： 国連総会には首相並びに外務大臣が出席した。 The prime minister and the foreign minister attended the U.N. General Assembly. 県並びに県内各市町村では、イントラネットを構築して、行政や福祉情報の円滑な提供に努めている。 The prefecture and its municipalities have constructed local intranets, and are working to provide administrative and welfare information smoothly to their residents. 以下は及びねこの引き取り並びに負傷動物の収容に関する措置要領である。 What follows is an outline of procedures for caring for dogs and cat,

ともなく Meaning： without intending to; without paying much attention; unconsciously; mindlessly; don't know (exactly) who/where/etc. (but); cannot tell (exactly) who/where/etc. (but); (to/from) no particular (person,etc) Examples： 散歩をしている うちに、来るともなく駅まで来てしまった。 While I was taking a walk, I came as far as the station without intending to. 我が家ではいつからともなく正月にスキーに行く習慣が始まった。 We do not know when, but my family started a tradition of going skiing on new years day. 聴くともなく聴いたら、だんだんその演奏に引き込まれ

反面／はんめん Meaning： While; on the other hand Examples： 携帯電話は便利な反面,わずらわしいこともある。 While cell phones are convenient, they are also sometimes annoying. この国は個人の意思が尊重される反面,グループとしてのまとまりが弱い。 In this society, while the individual's will is respected, group unity is weak. この仕事は面白くて収入もいいが、その反面,忙しくて自分の時間が中々持てないという問題もある。 This job is interesting and pays well; on the other hand, being so busy , I hardly ever (lit.,cannot) have time for myself and that is a problem. I put all the examples along

いわゆる Meaning： So-called; what we call; known as Examples： 伊藤さんはいわゆる「エリート」の大学を卒業した。 Ms. Ito graduated from one of the so-called "elite" universities. いわゆるリストラのために失業した人は非常に多い。 Many people lost their jobs because of what is called restructuring. １９８６年から90年代初めにかけてのいわゆる【パプル経済】の時代には土地や株が高騰した。 During the so-called "bubble economy," from 1986 through the early 90's, land and stocks prices soared. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you

「２」ものか Meaning： wish; wonder if; should; Examples： もう少し広い家に住めないもの（だろう）か。 I wish to live in a house that is a bit more spacious. 修士論文の題目をどのように決めたものか（と）迷っています。 I am at a loss as to how I should choose my MA thesis topic. もう少し真面目にこの問題に取り組んでくれないもの（だろう）か。 I'm wondering if they can handle this problem a little more seriously. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app version for brainscape) With th

からには Meaning： once; now that ~; as long as ~; so long as ~; if Examples： いったん引き受けたからには最後まで責任をもってやります。 Once I take on ( the job), I will fulfill my responsibility and complete it 裁判と言うからには弁護人が不可欠だ。 Since it is a trial, a defense attorney will be indispensable. 生まれてきたからには長い生きしたい。 So long as I'm here ( lit., Since I was born) I'd like to live a long time. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the ap

といった Meaning： like; such as; among others Examples： ドイツ、フランス、ロシアといった国々が戦争に反対した。 Countries such as Germany, France and Russia opposed the war. このエンジンでパワーが弱い、製造コストが高いといった問題だ。 The problems that are giving me the most trouble with this engine are things like weak power and high production costs. 終身雇用、年功序列といった日本の伝統的雇用形態が崩れつつある。 Japan's traditional employment practices, such as permanent employment and seniority systems, are (in the process of) falling apart. I put all the examples

ちなみに Meaning： Incidentally; in this connection Examples： 彼の小説はポストモダン的で大変気に入ってる。解釈が読み手にゆだねられているところがよい。 ちなみに、去年の作品はベストセラー第1位だった。 I love his post modern novels. I like the way he leaves the interpretation to the reader. Incidentally, his work published last year topped the best-seller list. 先週から上野の美術館で印象派の映画展が開けられており、ルノアール、モネ、マネなどの代表作が出品されている。ちなみに、入場料は大人3,500円,子供1,000円である。 An exhibit of Impressionist paintings opened last week at an art museum in Ueno and representative works of