あくまでも Meaning： to the end; persistently; insist; strictly; just; under any circumstances; absolutely; never; completely; ultimately 江本氏はあくまでも自説を変えなかった。 Mr. Emoto persistently maintained (lit., didn't change) his opinion. これはあくまでも小説であって実話ではない。 (lit., This is strictly fiction and not a true story.) 彼女はあくまでも自分に正直だった。 She was true to herself to the end. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app v

むしろ Meaning： Rather; instead Examples： 夏休みはアルバイトをするよりもむしろ海外旅行がしたい。 During summer vacation I would rather travel abroad than work part-time. 僕はすしよりむしろさしみ（の方）が好きだ。 I prefer sashimi rather than sushi. 彼は秀才というよりはむしろ努力家だ。 He is a man of effort rather than a man of great talent. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app version for brainscape) With this you can even study on your phone! Feel free t

に（も）なく Meaning： Unusually; more ~ than usual Examples： 彼女は今日はいつに（も）なく陽気だった。 She was unusually cheerful today. 宏は「ただいまー」とついになく明るい声で帰ってきた。 Hiroshi came home and said "I'm home!" in an unusually cheerful voice. 普段はたいていビールや日本酒だが、たまに柄にもなくバーにカクテルを飲みに行ったりする。 Usually I drink beer or sake, but occasionally I may go out for cocktails at a bar, which is unlike me. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the a

にいたっては Meaning： When it comes to ~; as for; for example Examples： 人間の体は６０％が水,くらげにいたっては９６％が水だ。 Human bodies are 60 percent water, while fish are 75 percent water. As for Jelly fish, the figure is 96 percent. 私自身は社会人になってからコンプーターを使い始めたが、新人社員は中学生の頃から、私の子供たちにいたっては、生まれた時から家にコンプーターがある世代だ。 I myself started to use a computer after I graduated and got a job, but the new hires got started on computers when they were still junior high school students. As for my children, they belong to t

並み/なみ Meaning： about the same level as; like; as (much ~) as; to match; to rival; on a par with; equivalent to Examples： マイクさんのゴルフはプロ並みだ。 Mike's golf skills are about the same level as a pro's. 吉田さんは植物については専門家並みの知識を持っている。 Regarding plants, Ms. Yoshida has as much knowledge as a specialist. 日本人も欧米人並みに肉や乳製品を食べるようになった。 Japanese people now eat (lit., have come to eat) as much meat and dairy products as westerners (lit., Europeans and Americans) do. I put all the examples along wi

いかん（だ）如何／いかが（だ） Meaning： How; what; (depending on) how/what; (according to) how/what; depend on Examples： 私がこの会社に採用されるかどうかは、面接の結果いかんだ。 Whether or not I'll be hired by this company depends on the results of my interview. 今年の新車の売れ行きいかん｛で／によって｝この会社の将来が決まりそうだ。 It looks like this company's future will be determined by this year's new car sales (., how new car sales are this year). 納入した学費は、理由のいかん｛を問わず／に関わらず｝返却しません。 The tuition and fees you have paid will not be returned, no matter

それなりに Meaning： in one's own way; accompanying; proportionate; suitable; expected; agreeable; reasonable; one's own; proper to Examples： クラシックもジャズも、聞いてみればみなそれなりに面白い。 If you (really) listen to classical music, jazz and rock, each of them is interesting in its own way. 外国で仕事をするのは面白いが、それなりにの苦労は覚悟しなければならない。 Working abroad is interesting, but you must expect a certain amount of hardship, too. 買った参考書はどれもみなそれなりに役に立っている。 All the reference books I have bought have been helpful in their

更に／さらに Meaning： even ~er; even more; additional; more; further; furthermore; in addition Examples： 前の翻訳も難しかったが今度はさらに難しい。 The last translation (job) was difficult, but this one is even harder. グローバル時代に向けて企業の国際化をさらに強力に押し進める必要はある。 In our global age, we must promote the internationalization of businesses even more forcefully. さらに５００人の人員が整理される見通しだ。 It is expected that an additional 500 employees will be laid off. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to stu

にして「２」 Meaning： and; both ~ and ~ Examples： 彼女は頭脳明晰にして端麗な秘書である。 She is a bright and also beautiful secretary. 彼は偉大な学者にして優れた教育者でもあった。 He was both a distinguished scholar and an excellent educator. あの男性格は粗野にして猛々しい。 (The character of) That man is boorish and fierce. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app version for brainscape) With this you can even study on your phone! Feel free to use thi

また Meaning： again; also; too; (not) ~ either; and; additionally; or Examples： 来年の春,またお会いします。 I will see you again next spring. 山田も東京出身だが林もまた東京出身だ。 Yamada is from Tokyo, and Hayashi, too, is from Tokyo. 机に座ってものを考えるのもいいが、歩きながら考えるのもまたいい。 Thinking while sitting at a desk is fine, but thinking while walking is also good. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app version for brainscape) With this y

なに／何も～ない Meaning： why ~ have to ~?; it is unnecessary to ~; have no good reason to ~; not need to ~ Examples： 何もそんなに怒ることはないよ。 You have no good reason to get so angry. 良性の腫瘍だから、何もそんなに心配する必要はない。 It's a benign tumor, so you don't need to worry about it too much. 何も今更みんなやっている研究をやる必要なんかないと思うだろう？それが間違いなんだ。 You must be thinking there's no need to start on the research everybody is already doing. But you are wrong. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to stud

っけ Meaning： A colloquial sentence-final particle marking a question Examples： 鈴木さんは英語が話せるんだっけ。 Can you speak English, Mr. Suzuki / Can Mr. Suzuki speak English? 今日木曜日だっけ。 Is today Thursday? ジェーンさんはピアノが弾けたんだっけ。 Can you play the piano Jane?/ Can Jane play the piano? I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app version for brainscape) With this you can even study on your phone! Feel free to use thi

をよそに Meaning： Indifferent to ~; contrary to ~ ; ignoring ~; despite Examples； 首相は国民の批判をよそにイラク戦争支持を表明した。 Setting aside people's criticism, the prime minister declared his support for the Iraq War. 青春時代、友達がデートに明け暮れるのをよそに、僕は家に一人こもってSFを読んでいた。 During my adolescent years, I secluded myself at home and read science fiction, ignoring my friends, who were spreading all their time dating 今回のイベントは、我々の心配をよそに多くの参加者を集め、大成功だった。 Despite our worries, many people participated in the event, so

にしたところで Meaning： also; (even) for ~ Examples； 彼は日本語を20年も勉強しているが、その彼にしたところで、まだ分からない文法に時々出くわすそうだ。 He has studied Japanese for 20 years, but he told me that even he still encounters grammar he doesn't understand. 子供はいつか手の届かないところへ行ってしまうものだ。自分の子だけはそうでないと思うかもしれないが、　あなたの子にしたところで同じだ。 Children go (places) beyond their parents reach sooner or later. You may think that your own children will be different, but they too, will be the same. 昔の浮気が発覚した夫は「10年たってるんだからもう時効だ」と開き直りの態度です。私にしたところで二

ならでは（の） Meaning： impossible if it's not ~; only possible with/by/at/etc.; not possible with/by/at/etc. other ~; very difficult with/by/at/etc. any other ~ but; you can expect only at/from/etc.; unless Examples； 丸山博士の講演は、一流の科学者ならではの示唆に富む内容だった。 Dr Maruyama's lecture was rich with suggestion, the likes of which could only be heard from a first class scientist (like himself). 四季を通じて美しい景色が楽しめるのはこの地ならではだ Only here can we enjoy beautiful scenery through all four seasons. 女性ならではできない

をめぐって／めぐる Meaning： centering around; in connection with; over; concerning; regarding; with regard to Examples； モノレール建設をめぐって市民の意見が対立している。 Citizens' opinions are divided over the monorail construction. 無駄な公共事業をめぐる批判の声が強まっている。 (Voices of) Criticism concerning wasteful public projects is growing stronger. 大学運営は今度どうあるべきかをめぐって活発に意見が交わされた。 Opinions were exchanged actively regarding how universities should be run from now on. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashca

ばこそ Meaning： it is precisely because ~ that ~; only because ~; to the extent that ~ Examples； 環境保護を支持していればこそ植林に力を入れているのだ。 It is only because I support environmental protection so much that I put my efforts into planting trees. 「愛」があればこそ生きる喜びがある。 Only because there is love is there joy for living. 膨大な電力の需要があればこそ原子力発電を開発せざるを得ないのだ。 It is precisely because of the enormous demand for electricity that we cannot help but develop atomic power plants. I put all the examples along with

は別として／はべつとして Meaning： Except for; putting/setting aside; whether X or Y Examples； 特殊な場合は別として、手書きのレポートを書くことは少なくなった。 Except for special cases, there are only a few occasions now in which we write hand-written reports. 実施できるか（とうか）は別として、まず可能な解決策を全てリストアップしみよう。 Putting aside the question of whether or not each one is feasible for us to carry out, let's list all possible solutions first. 上手か下手かは別としてその人にまず翻訳してもらおう。 Putting aside the question of whether he is good or bad, let's ask th

但し／ただし Meaning： however; but; only; here; provided that Examples； 子の部屋にある雑誌や本はどれを見てもいいです。ただし、部屋からは持ち出さないでください。 You may look at any of the magazines or books in this room. However, please do not take them out of the room. 当館の開館時間は午前9時から午後6時まで。但し、特別行事がある場合はこの限りではない。 This hall is open from 9 am to 6 pm. However, for special events, the hall is not limited to these hours. 試験の時,辞書を見てもいいです。ただし、和英辞典だけです。 You may consult dictionaries during the exam. However, (you may use) only Japan

さて Meaning： Well; now; well now; so Examples； さて,話は変わりますが、日本ではちょっとした韓国ブームです。 Now, on another matter, Japan is undergoing quite a Korea boom at this time. さて、それでは本題に入りましょう。 Now I'm going to talk about the main topic. さて、ここで今までお話ししたポイントを復習してみましょう。 Now, lets review the points I have discussed so far. I put all the examples along with the meaning into flashcards to study just in case you forget. (I suggest downloading the app version for brainscape) With this you can even study o